Which set of three statements correctly lists the three core public health functions?

• A. Assessment, policy development, and assurance
• B. Research, policy development, enforcement
• C. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention
• D. Education, outreach, marketing

Answer: (A)

Public health practice rests on three foundational functions: assessment, policy development, and assurance. Assessment involves systematically collecting and analyzing health information to identify needs and problems. Policy development is about creating and promoting policies and coordinating actions to address those health issues, often by informing the public and building partnerships. Assurance ensures that essential services are available and accessible, including enforcing relevant laws, linking people to services, maintaining a competent workforce, and evaluating how well programs work.

The set that lists assessment, policy development, and assurance matches this triad exactly, reflecting the broad, population-focused approach of public health. The other options mix in clinical care (diagnosis, treatment, prevention), enforcement (without the assessment base), or marketing/education as standalone functions, which are not the three foundational public health functions.